Preoccupied with internal rivalries during the third intermediate period, egypt gradually lost its traditional control of nubia, located to its south. Kaczanowicz 2018, the third intermediate period and late period burials to the west of the. To navigate the timeline, click and drag it with your mouse, or click on the timeline overview on the bottom. The third intermediate period of ancient egypt began with the death of pharaoh ramesses xi in 1070 bc, which ended the new kingdom, and was eventually. Egypt in the third intermediate period 1069664 bc the third intermediate period covers the centuries between the new kingdom about 15501069 bc and the late period. He is one of the leading experts on the egyptian third despite extensive practical and academic research and output, he has never received a ph. Oxford university press and the american university in cairo press. The third intermediate period of ancient egypt began with the death of the last pharaoh of the new kingdom, ramesses xi in 1070 bce, and ended with the start of the postdynastic period. Excavations at the third intermediate period necropolis at herakleopolis magna were carried out by the spanish archaeological mission in 1966 and in the. The second intermediate period marks a period when ancient egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the middle kingdom and the start of the new kingdom. Velikovsky with thutmose iii, the mighty pharaoh of egypts eighteenth dynasty then pharaoh shoshenq i. Historical and cultural studies into the 2124 dynasties.
The third intermediate period western civilization. Introduction to problems with the historical chronology of ancient egypt 3 manetho also but in a very corrupt form. Eleventh and twelfth dynasties known as the middle kingdom. The third intermediate period albany institute of history and art. Chapter 1 introduction to problems with the historical. Early egypt was divided into two kingdoms, one in upper egypt nile valley, and one in lower egypt nile delta. In the oxford encyclopedia of ancient egypt, edited by donald bruce redford.
The concept of a second intermediate period was coined in 1942 by german egyptologist hanns stock. The history of egypt provided to us today by scholars is really a mixture of historic tradition and modern discoveries, sometimes almost forced into the framework of historic tradition. Psamtik of sais, founder of the twentysixth dynasty, was one of the regional rulers left in charge by the assyrians he would eventually force the invaders out of egypt and reunite the country and inaugurating the late period. The rest of this small but incredibly impressive chapel is in need of further restoration and preservation and it has received considerable attention to my knowledge since the late 1990s the roof is now held in place with metal girders and efforts are obviously being made to. The skeleton burial 22 or b22 is an adult woman estimated to be in her mid. First published in 1972, this book remains the most comprehensive and reliable study of this complex epoch. Inscriptions from egypt s third intermediate period robert kriech ritner contemporary with the israelite kingdom of solomon and david, the nubian conqueror piye piankhy, and the assyrian assurbanipal, egypt s third intermediate period is of critical interest not only to egyptologists but also to biblical historians.
The third intermediate period necropolis at herakleopolis magna the libyan period in egypt. Even though the larger stela remains the principal epigraphic document from the oases in the. The third intermediate period was marked by decline and political instability, division of the state for much of the period and conquest and rule by foreigners. This era was ridden with strife and political instability. The third intermediate period was one of decline and political instability. Which of these third intermediate period late peri. Amenirdis ruled during the third intermediate period, xxv dynasty 736690 bce though some sources state her dates as being 740720 bce. There is still doubt regarding the dates that amenirdis i. The north was inherited by the tanite 21st dynasty 1075c. The third intermediate period refers to the time in ancient egypt from the death of pharaoh ramesses xi in 1070 bc to the foundation of the 26th dynasty by psamtik i in 664 bce, following the expulsion of the nubian rulers of the 25th dynasty. These are economic and environmental conditions, changes to royal religious authority, and the cultural landscapes of the third intermediate period. During the third intermediate period, much of upper egypt was independent from the various dynasties in delta and under the power of. In this article, we aim to discuss some of these newly found epigraphic monuments from the dakhleh oasis, in. In the north, tefnakhts successor, bakenrenef, ruled at sais until piyes successor, either shabaqo or shebitqo, overthrew him and established rule over all of egypt.
The structure of egyptian history and the third intermediate period by jimmy dunn. Having read kenneth kitchens 1986 2nd edition book on the third intermediate period in egypttipe, i can attest to its excellent scholarship and clear prose. This lecture covers the third intermediate period essentially dyns. Pdf contributions to the chronology of the new kingdom. The third intermediate period followed the ending of the new kingdom and the passing away of ramesses xi c. Theres a lot going on, were making great progress, and then suddenly, its half time.
Jan 07, 2010 as far as chronology is concerned, the third intermediate period is the villain of the piece. Labor strikes, economic woes, and revolts from within the country weakened egypts pharaohs until a number of concurrent kings and princes divided the country among themselves. The third intermediate period includes long periods of stability as well as chronic instability and civil conflict. Despite their libyan origin, these pharaohs ruled as native egyptians. The oxford history of ancient egypt internet archive. Contributions to the chronology of the new kingdom and the third intermediate period, in. Sometimes, the rise of civilization can feel like a major sporting event.
The nature and provenance of the extant evidence tends to obscure the retention of their ethnic identity, but this is apparent in the persistence of libyan names and titles in egypt. This study describes a probable proportionate dwarf from a third intermediate period cemetery at ain tirghi in the dakhleh oasis, egypt. As far as chronology is concerned, the third intermediate period is the villain of the piece. On the assumption that dynasties 21 to 25 were consecutive, early scholars dated them approximately 1070665 b. Nubia thebes napata aswan abydos assyria the nubia kings of egypt during the third intermediate period are often called the. Third intermediate period 1069664 bce ancient history. Of all published articles, the following were the most read within the past 12 months. Now, if these syncretisms work out, then the famous nineteenth dynasty of egypt must hold a very fat key to the notorious third intermediate period tip of egyptian history. Women, gender and identity in third intermediate period egypt.
Once again egypt let its foreign conquests, especially those in western asia, slip away. The archaeology of egypt in the third intermediate period by james. The third intermediate period usually refers to the time in ancient egypt from the death of pharaoh ramesses xi reign 1107107877 bc during the twentieth dynasty to the foundation of the twentysixth dynasty by psamtik i in 664 bc, following the expulsion of. Pdf on jan 1, 2011, slawomir rzepka and others published new kingdom and the third intermediate period in tell. Psamtik of sais, founder of the twentysixth dynasty, was one of the regional rulers left in charge by the assyrians he would eventually force the invaders out of egypt and reunite the country and inaugurating the. Egypt grows weaker and is eventually conquered by the assyrian empire near the end of this period. The archaeology of egypt in the third intermediate period by. The common assumption that the libyans who governed egypt during the third intermediate period c.
Relief of shoshenq i, founder of the 22nd dynasty, at the temple at shoshenq i, near ancient thebes modern day luxor, egypt. People are most intrigued by the pyramids, tomb paintings, and mummies. Late period 653 332 bc dynasties xxvxxx the late period begins as the assyrians leave egypt and the locals regain control from vassals left by the assyrians. The third intermediate period necropolis is of a considerable size and occupies the upper levels of the sectors a, c, l and m, as shown on the topographical site plan. The third intermediate period 1075656 bce at the end of the new kingdom, egypt was divided. This period is characterized by the countrys fracturing kingship. The first intermediate period was traditionally described as a low point in ancient egyptian history, largely because the information we have regarding this period is sketchy and often contradictory but also because to some it marks a nadir in egyptian culture, art and architecture. Kitchen was the first scholar to prove that a period of coregency existed between psusennes i and amenenope in 1972. The third intermediate period of ancient egypt began with the death of pharaoh ramesses xi in 1070 bc, which ended the new kingdom, and was eventually followed by the late period. Third intermediate period of egypt ancient history. Third intermediate period ancient egyptian queen amenirdis i.
Pdf kaczanowicz 2018, the third intermediate period and late. Papers on ancient egypt tts theban tombs series uee ucla. Third intermediate period, recent finds have added further details about its political and cultural developments, and also about the relations between the oases and the nile valley. Much of the period involved conquest and rule by foreign powers. Relief of shoshenq i, founder of the 22nd dynasty, at the temple at shoshenq i. The third intermediate kingdom of ancient egypt foreign rule from afar, and the rise of citystates from within, weakened centralized egyptian rule during the third intermediate era. May 10, 2019 now, if these syncretisms work out, then the famous nineteenth dynasty of egypt must hold a very fat key to the notorious third intermediate period tip of egyptian history.
There is still doubt regarding the dates that amenirdis i lived and ruled. Home ancient history ancient egypt first intermediate period of egypt 2. Firstly, there is a dispute about the utility of a very artificial term that covers an extremely long and complicated period of egyptian history. The third intermediate period of ancient egypt pharaoh. The exact start of the late period is much debated, but agreed by many to be the beginning of the twentysixth dynasty.
Seventh to tenth dynasties known as the first intermediate period, during which there was a breakdown in the central government of the pharaohs. The third intermediate period in egypt 1076664 bce has been characterised previously by political and social changes based upon the introduction of libyan social and cultural influences. Third intermediate period of egypt timeline ancient history. Ancient egypt has long fascinated the world with its art and architecture. By starting from first principles and classifying and surveying the main available evidence, kitchen. This begins dynasty 25, or the kushite period, the fourth phase of the third intermediate period. Third intermediate period of egypt ancient history encyclopedia. Various points are offered as the beginning for the latter era, though it is most often regarded as dating from the foundation of the twentysixth dynasty by psamtik. Chapter three settlement development and built remains of the third intermediate period. It is an intensive study of a corpus that is both geographically and temporally localized around the city of thebes, which.
Egyptian third intermediate period wikimedia commons. The third intermediate period begins with the death of ramesses xi, the last pharaoh of the new kingdom, and runs until the the beginning of the late period. Inscriptions from egypts third intermediate period robert kriech ritner contemporary with the israelite kingdom of solomon and david, the nubian conqueror piye piankhy, and the assyrian assurbanipal, egypt s third intermediate period is of critical interest not only to egyptologists but also to biblical historians. Wente, the third intermediate period in egypt 1100650 b. It was marked by a division of the state for much of the period, as well as conquest. Thus ended nubian control and the third intermediate period. Egypts erstwhile western enemies now became its rulers dynasty 22. He is one of the leading experts on the egyptian third intermediate period, having written over 250 books and journal articles on this and other subjects. Pdf contributions to the chronology of the new kingdom and. Apr 25, 2017 the third intermediate kingdom of ancient egypt foreign rule from afar, and the rise of citystates from within, weakened centralized egyptian rule during the third intermediate era. Having read kenneth kitchens 1986 2nd edition book on the third intermediate period in egypt tipe, i can attest to its excellent scholarship and clear prose. Women, gender and identity in third intermediate period egypt clarifies the role of women in egyptian society during the first millennium bce, allowing for more nuanced discussions of women in the third intermediate period. Third intermediate period egyptian history britannica. Delta kings theban kings assyrian kings bubastite kings libyan kings kushite kings.
334 249 1489 629 1308 1486 1548 1017 394 281 1302 1470 351 641 342 683 650 107 1301 1568 511 739 373 244 1486 546 1620 778 145 763 1137 1419 930 1172 1257 439 1146 980 613 1081 218 1062 1411